[1] Oral Hyaluronic Acid (120 mg/day; 8–12 weeks): hydration/elasticity ↑; lines appear softer. PubMed: link • PMC: link
[2] Oral Ceramides (~60–90 days): hydration/elasticity ↑; TEWL/roughness ↓ (human). PubMed: link
[3] Eggshell Membrane (≈300–450 mg/day; ~8 weeks): TEWL ↓ (−18.7%); elasticity/appearance ↑ (human).PubMed: link • PMC: link
[4] SkinAx²® (8 weeks, dermatological control): wrinkle depth ↓ ~11%; luminosity ↑ ~26–29%; early onset ~11 days; consumer eval: 84% elasticity at 30 days. PubMed: link PMC: link
[5] Astaxanthin (oral) — meta-analysis (2022): improvements in oxidative-stress/redox markers; skin outcomes in subset analyses. PubMed: link
[6] Astaxanthin (oral) — meta-analysis (2020): antioxidant effects vs control; MDA reductions; supportive dermal outcomes reported. PubMed: link
[7] Vitamin C in skin: co-factor for collagen; antioxidant/photoprotection roles (review). PMC: link
[8] TEWL (transepidermal water loss): standard barrier metric in human studies. PubMed: link



























