VITALIZE
NAD⁺ sits at the center of the cellular energy and repair network. As we age, production slows, enzymatic breakdown accelerates, and the efficiency of supporting pathways declines. Addressing only one step is rarely enough. VITALIZE was formulated to support the NAD⁺ system at multiple biological levels, from replenishment to preservation to activation, in alignment with circadian biology.
What to know
- Build the reserve Uthever® NMN supplies the direct precursor your cells use to synthesize NAD⁺, one enzymatic step away versus two for NR. Clinical studies show oral NMN raises circulating NAD⁺ within weeks, supporting cellular energy, physical function, and metabolic health.
- Preserve what you build CD38, an enzyme that increases with age, continuously breaks down NAD⁺ faster than it can be replenished. ApiAge™, a patented standardized apigenin extract, inhibits CD38 activity and protects the NAD⁺ reserve you build.
- Recycle efficiently Approximately 80% of the NAD⁺ your body uses daily is recycled, not synthesized from scratch. That recycling requires methyl groups. TMG replenishes the methyl pool and keeps the salvage pathway running. Without it, NMN supplementation draws down methylation reserves and can cancel its own benefit.
- Direct the energy Elevated NAD⁺ is the input. Sirtuins, particularly SIRT1, are the enzymes that use it to execute cellular repair, regulate metabolism, and protect DNA. Resveratrol and pterostilbene activate SIRT1 through complementary kinetics, translating NAD⁺ availability into measurable cellular outcomes.
- Align with biology Morning use aligns with natural NAD⁺ production rhythms, supporting consistent daily replenishment.
Research & references
NAD⁺ levels decline with age, affecting mitochondrial energy production, DNA repair, and sirtuin signaling. At the same time, NAD⁺ follows a natural circadian rhythm, with production highest during the daytime. Supporting NAD⁺ in alignment with this rhythm helps reinforce its role in daily cellular energy and repair processes.
| Study topic | Summary of finding | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| NAD⁺ decline with age | NAD⁺ falls with age, impairing mitochondrial function and sirtuin activity. | Sinclair et al., Cell, 2013 |
| Circadian NAD⁺ rhythm | NAD⁺/NAMPT oscillate with the clock; daytime is the natural “on” window. | Peek et al., Science, 2013 |
Rebuilding NAD⁺ starts with supplying the right precursor. NMN sits one enzymatic step from NAD⁺, making it more direct than NR, which requires an additional conversion step first. Clinical trials using Uthever® NMN show circulating NAD⁺ rising by 38% at 60 days versus 14% in placebo, with improved physical function, stable insulin sensitivity, and good tolerability across multiple RCTs. Daily use supports steady, measurable replenishment of the cellular NAD⁺ pool.
Reliability matters: verified identity and purity, real-world stability, and human tolerability in randomized trials.
| Study topic | Summary of finding | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| NMN vs NR: more direct conversion pathway | NMN sits one enzymatic step from NAD⁺ (NMN → NAD⁺ via NMNAT). NR must first convert to NMN before becoming NAD⁺ — an additional enzymatic step that introduces inefficiency and potential loss. NMN provides the more direct route to replenishing the cellular NAD⁺ pool. | Grozio et al., Nat Metab, 2019 ; Yoshino et al., Cell Metab, 2018 |
| CD38 drives NAD⁺ loss with age | Age-related upregulation of CD38 is a major NAD⁺ hydrolase driving NAD⁺ decline and mitochondrial dysfunction; inhibiting or deleting CD38 preserves NAD⁺. | Camacho-Pereira et al., Nat Med, 2016 |
| Oral NMN raises NAD⁺ (human) | NMN supplementation elevated circulating NAD⁺ within weeks; well tolerated. | Irie et al., Endocr J, 2020 |
| NMN raises NAD⁺ biomarkers (human) | Oral NMN supplementation increased circulating NAD⁺-related metabolites and improved metabolic markers in healthy adults, with good tolerability. | Niu et al., Front Nutr, 2021 |
| Uthever® NMN RCT: blood NAD⁺ outcomes (human) | Multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT in 66 healthy adults aged 40–65. At day 30, serum NAD⁺/NADH rose 11.3% vs no change in placebo. At day 60, levels were 38% above baseline vs 14.3% in placebo. SF-36 quality-of-life improved 6.5% vs 3.4%. HOMA-IR remained stable in the NMN group while the placebo group worsened by 30.6%. The only NMN ingredient with a published RCT directly measuring blood NAD⁺ before and after supplementation. | Huang, Front Aging, 2022 (NCT04228640) |
| Muscle insulin sensitivity (human RCT) | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in postmenopausal women. NMN supplementation improved skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and upregulated muscle gene expression related to energy metabolism — demonstrating downstream functional effects beyond NAD⁺ elevation alone. | Yoshino et al., Cell Metab, 2021 |
| Physical function & fatigue | ~250 mg/day NMN for 12 weeks improved lower-limb function and reduced drowsiness in older adults. | Liao et al., Nutrients, 2022 |
| Strength & walking distance (multicenter RCT) | In healthy middle-aged adults, 60 days of NMN (300–900 mg/day) increased 6-minute walk distance in a dose-dependent manner with acceptable safety; some strength measures improved in sub-analyses. | Yi et al., GeroScience, 2023 |
| How NMN gets in | SLC12A8 was identified as an NMN transporter, supporting direct uptake in the small intestine and providing an oral bioavailability rationale. | Grozio et al., Nat Metab, 2019 |
Building NAD⁺ is only part of the equation. With age, CD38 activity increases and accelerates NAD⁺ breakdown faster than supplementation alone can replace it. ApiAge™, a patented standardized apigenin extract with enhanced bioavailability, inhibits CD38 directly, protecting the NAD⁺ reserve you build and supporting mitochondrial efficiency over time. Generic apigenin is poorly absorbed and unstandardized; the CD38 inhibition data in the literature was generated with standardized preparations, which is why form matters here.
| Study topic | Summary of finding | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| CD38 drives NAD⁺ loss with age | Age-related CD38 upregulation is a major NAD⁺ hydrolase driving NAD⁺ decline and mitochondrial dysfunction; inhibiting or knocking out CD38 preserves NAD⁺. | Camacho-Pereira et al., Cell Metabolism, 2016 |
| Apigenin inhibits CD38 and restores NAD⁺/SIRT3 activity | Apigenin significantly inhibited CD38 expression, increased the intracellular NAD⁺/NADH ratio, and restored SIRT3-mediated mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme activity in renal tubular cells. Demonstrates the mechanism by which CD38 inhibition directly translates to preserved NAD⁺ and downstream sirtuin function. | Int J Mol Sci., 2019;20(6):1305 |
| Apigenin, SASP & CD38 | Flavone apigenin inhibits CD38 and raises intracellular NAD⁺. In disease models it lowers CD38, increases NAD⁺/SIRT3 activity, and reduces inflammatory signaling related to SASP pathways. | Escande et al., Diabetes, 2013 |
| ApiAge™ vs generic apigenin: why standardization matters | Generic apigenin has low and variable oral bioavailability — it is rapidly metabolized and poorly absorbed in unstandardized form, making consistent CD38 inhibition unreliable. ApiAge™ is a patented, standardized apigenin extract with enhanced bioavailability, ensuring the active compound reaches systemic circulation at a meaningful concentration. The CD38 inhibition and NAD⁺ preservation data in the literature was generated with standardized preparations; generic apigenin cannot reliably replicate these outcomes. | ApiAge™ patent documentation; Escande et al., Diabetes, 2013; Int J Mol Sci., 2019;20(6):1305 |
NAD⁺ fuels the system, but signaling determines the outcome. Elevated NAD⁺ is the input; sirtuins, particularly SIRT1, are the enzymes that use it to execute cellular repair, regulate metabolism, and protect DNA. Without sirtuin activation, higher NAD⁺ levels do not translate proportionally into cellular output. Resveratrol is a direct SIRT1 activator. Pterostilbene is a structural analog with higher bioavailability, better blood-brain barrier penetration, and a longer half-life. Both are included because they operate on the same target through slightly different kinetics, supporting SIRT1 and AMPK pathways and helping translate NAD⁺ availability into functional cellular outcomes.
| Study topic | Summary of finding | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| TMG lowers homocysteine | Betaine (TMG) provides methyl donors and lowers plasma homocysteine in humans. Dose-dependent reductions observed across randomized controlled trials. |
Steenge et al., Am J Clin Nutr, 2001
Olthof et al., Am J Clin Nutr, 2005 |
| NMN supplementation increases methyl demand | When NMN raises NAD⁺, the resulting nicotinamide is cleared via the NNMT pathway, which consumes SAM (S-adenosylmethionine), the body's universal methyl donor. High-dose NAD⁺ precursor supplementation without methyl support can deplete SAM and impair the salvage pathway it depends on. This is the mechanistic explanation for why single-ingredient NMN products produce inconsistent results: the precursor raised NAD⁺, but the methylation cost cancelled the benefit. |
Bhasin et al., Nature Metabolism, 2023
Williams et al., 2012 |
| Methylation & NAD⁺ salvage (why methyl capacity matters) |
The NNMT pathway consumes methyl groups to clear nicotinamide. Methylation status directly interacts with NAD⁺ salvage and cellular NAD⁺ balance. Supporting methylation helps efficient recycling of nicotinamide back into NAD⁺. |
Williams et al., 2012
Bhasin et al., 2023 |
| Liver/metabolic support (TMG) | In NAFLD/NASH patients, betaine supplementation improved liver steatosis grade and key biomarkers of liver health in clinical studies. | Abdelmalek et al., Hepatology, 2009 |
NAD⁺ fuels the system, but signaling determines the outcome. Polyphenols such as resveratrol, pterostilbene, and apigenin support sirtuin and AMPK pathways, helping translate NAD⁺ availability into functional cellular effects.
| Study topic | Summary of finding | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Sirtuins are NAD⁺-dependent | Sirtuins are NAD⁺-dependent deacetylases that couple cellular NAD⁺ status to stress-response and metabolic maintenance programs. | Sauve et al., Biochemistry, 2012 |
| SIRT1 → mitochondria & metabolism | Resveratrol engages SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathways and improves metabolic and mitochondrial function. | Price et al., Cell Metabolism, 2012 |
| Pterostilbene neuro-/mitochondrial benefits | Pterostilbene shows greater potency than resveratrol in cognitive and aging models, including mitochondrial outcomes. | Chang et al., Neurobiology of Aging, 2012 |
| Resveratrol → SIRT1/PGC-1α & mitochondrial programs (preclinical) | In high-fat-fed mice, resveratrol activated SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling, improved insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function, reduced hepatic steatosis, and increased survival versus controls. | Baur et al., Nature, 2006 |
| Piperine boosts polyphenol exposure | Piperine inhibits glucuronidation and enhances the bioavailability of polyphenols such as resveratrol and curcumin. | Shoba et al., Planta Medica, 1998 |
Effective NAD⁺ support depends on quality and stability. Ingredient identity, purity, and real-world tolerability matter. VITALIZE is built around Uthever® NMN, the only NMN ingredient to have received a positive EFSA scientific opinion (May 2026), confirming safety and bioavailability under EU Novel Food review. It is the only NMN backed by a published human RCT that directly measured blood NAD⁺ before and after supplementation, and it carries ≥99% pharmaceutical-grade purity verified independently per batch. Every ingredient in VITALIZE is in a clinically studied form, at a meaningful dose, designed for consistency and long-term use.
| Study topic | Summary of finding | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Human tolerability (NMN) | NMN is well tolerated at ~250–600 mg/day across multiple randomized controlled trials. |
Irie et al., Endocr J, 2020
Liao et al., GeroScience, 2022 Yi et al., GeroScience, 2022/23 |
| Uthever® NMN identity & purity | ≥99% β-NMN with validated identity, batch COAs, and independent third-party purity verification. | Huang, 2022 (Frontiers in Aging) |
| 24-month stability (solid form) | Demonstrated solid-form stability over 24 months — the labeled dose remains accurate throughout the shelf life. | Uthever® stability data. Available on request |
| EFSA positive scientific opinion on β-NMN (May 2026) | EFSA published its scientific opinion on β-NMN on 11 May 2026, concluding that β-NMN is safe under the proposed conditions of use for adults and is a bioavailable source of nicotinamide. Uthever® NMN is the only NMN ingredient to have completed the EU Novel Food public consultation (February 2025) and reached the EFSA risk assessment stage. Final EU market authorization remains subject to European Commission and Member State decisions, but the EFSA safety opinion is the core scientific hurdle. No other NMN ingredient on the market has achieved this level of regulatory scrutiny in the EU. |
EFSA Journal, 2026 (EFSA-Q-2023-00552)
; EffePharm Novel Food update, May 2026 |
| Human tolerability (summary) | Broad clinical evidence shows NMN is well tolerated in long-term human use across ~250–600 mg/day dosing. | Irie 2020 (Endocrine Journal) ; Niu 2021 (Frontiers in Nutrition) ; Liao 2021 (Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition) |
RENEW
Autophagy is the cell’s overnight clean-up system and becomes less efficient with age. Supporting this process during sleep helps maintain mitochondrial quality and balanced inflammatory signaling.
What to know
• Spermidine activates autophagy, the cell’s built-in renewal system that helps maintain mitochondrial quality and cellular resilience. Human trials associate higher intake with markers of healthy aging and functional outcomes in older adults.
• Curcumin (Longvida®) and EGCG help regulate inflammatory pathways and support mitophagy and cellular repair processes that protect mitochondrial function.
• Evening use aligns with natural circadian repair programs that are most active during sleep.
RENEW delivers once-daily PM support for overnight cellular clean-up, mitochondrial upkeep, and next-day recovery.
Research & references
Autophagy is the core cellular renewal pathway that runs primarily during sleep. It clears damaged proteins and mitochondria, supports energy efficiency, and helps maintain balanced inflammatory signaling. Age-related decline in autophagy is linked to reduced resilience and healthspan.
| Study Topic | Summary of Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Autophagy & longevity | Autophagy — the cell’s internal clean-up and recycling system — is essential for maintaining cellular and tissue stability. Declines in autophagy with age contribute to increased risk of age-related diseases. |
Levine & Kroemer, Cell, 2019
Aman et al., 2021 |
| Autophagy declines with age (human relevance) | Autophagic activity decreases with aging and contributes to the accumulation of cellular damage, impaired tissue function, and increased risk of age-related diseases. | Rubinsztein et al., Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2011 |
| Nobel recognition | Discovery of the molecular machinery governing autophagy explains why “cell recycling” is a fundamental repair and longevity pathway, earning the 2016 Nobel Prize for Ohsumi. | Tooze & Dikic, Cell, 2016 |
Spermidine activates autophagy, the cell’s internal renewal program. Experimental models show lifespan extension requires autophagy activation, and human data link higher intake to markers of healthy aging and preserved function.
| Study topic | Summary of Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Triggers autophagy; lifespan in models | Spermidine activates autophagy (“cell clean-up”) and extends lifespan in yeast, flies, and worms. When autophagy is blocked, benefits disappear — showing autophagy is required for the effect. | Eisenberg et al., 2009 |
| Autophagy activation & longevity (preclinical) | Spermidine induces autophagy and extends lifespan across multiple model organisms. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of autophagy abolishes the longevity effect, demonstrating autophagy as the required mechanism. | Eisenberg et al., Nat Med, 2016 |
| Memory in older adults (pilot RCT, SCD) | In older adults with subjective cognitive decline, a small pilot RCT found improvements on select memory measures compared with placebo. | Wirth et al., 2018 |
| Memory in older adults (larger/longer RCTs; mixed outcomes) | Larger and longer RCTs found no significant improvement on the primary memory outcome. Spermidine was well tolerated. Some exploratory signals (e.g., verbal memory, inflammation markers) require confirmation at higher doses. |
JAMA Netw Open, 2022
Schwarz et al., 2022 |
| Dose & safety (human) | Across human trials, oral spermidine is generally well tolerated at common supplemental doses. Mild GI symptoms are the most typical side effects. Safety results in larger RCTs were comparable to placebo. |
Schwarz et al., 2018 (tolerability study)
SmartAge RCT (safety), 2022 |
| Circadian rhythm support | Polyamine levels (including spermidine) decline with age. Restoring them in animal models helped rejuvenate and stabilize circadian timing. | Zwighaft et al., Cell, 2015 |
| Higher intake ↔ lower mortality (cohort studies) | Observational population studies link higher dietary spermidine intake with lower mortality over long-term follow-up. These studies are correlational and do not prove causation. | Kiechl et al., 2018 |
Curcumin is a well-studied polyphenol that modulates inflammatory and cellular repair pathways. Longvida® technology enhances systemic exposure, enabling meaningful biological activity at clinically relevant doses.
| Study Topic | Summary of Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Calms inflammatory signals (mechanism & human context) | Curcumin down-regulates key inflammatory pathways including NF-κB, TNF-α, and COX-2. Human studies reviewed show reductions in inflammatory markers in various conditions. | Hewlings & Kalman, Foods, 2017 (review) |
| Exercise recovery (human; Longvida®) | In active adults, Longvida® curcumin reduced post-exercise inflammation and muscle-damage biomarkers over a 4-day recovery period. |
McFarlin et al., 2016 (PubMed)
Free full text |
| Night-window suitability (PK; Longvida®) | SLCP/Longvida® technology provides sustained plasma levels of free curcumin with good tolerability, supporting its use for overnight “coverage.” | Gota et al., 2010 |
| Curcumin & autophagy (mechanistic/translation) | Curcumin can promote autophagy by modulating AMPK/mTOR signaling across cellular and translational models, according to mechanistic reviews. | Nasery et al., Molecules, 2020 (review) |
EGCG activates AMPK-linked signaling pathways that help coordinate cellular repair and energy balance. Clinical research associates green tea catechins with improvements in inflammatory and metabolic markers.
| Study Topic | Summary of Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Inflammation balance (human evidence) | A 2024 meta-analysis of randomized trials found that green tea supplementation reduced circulating TNF-α. Effects on other inflammatory cytokines were mixed and influenced by study duration. | Meta-analysis, 2024 |
| Promotes autophagy (mechanism → pathway) | EGCG induces autophagy and autophagolysosome formation through CaMKKβ → AMPK signaling. It shifts AMPK/mTOR balance under ER-stress conditions. |
Kim et al., 2013
Holczer et al., 2018 |
| Mitochondrial / mitophagy support | Reviews highlight EGCG as a mitophagy-promoting polyphenol that helps clear damaged mitochondria and reduce oxidative stress burden. | Srivastava et al., 2023 (review) |
| Cardiometabolic markers (human) | A systematic review and meta-analysis found that green tea supplementation improved lipid markers and glycemic control in adults. | Zamani et al., 2023 |
Astaxanthin is a membrane-targeting antioxidant that helps protect cells from oxidative stress. Human studies suggest it can support healthier inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, making it a useful complement to nightly repair and recovery routines.
| Study Topic | Summary of Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Antioxidant & inflammation (human RCTs/meta) | A 2022 meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found that astaxanthin modestly reduces oxidative-stress and inflammation biomarkers in humans, such as MDA and CRP. | Ma et al., Nutrition Research, 2022 |
| Immune balance & oxidative stress (human RCT) | A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in healthy young women showed astaxanthin reduced biomarkers of DNA damage and acute-phase inflammation, while enhancing aspects of immune function. |
Park et al., 2010 (PubMed)
|
RESET
With age, senescent cells accumulate and release inflammatory signals that disrupt tissue function. Intermittent senolytic strategies are designed to selectively target these aged cells.
What to know
- Pulsed senolytic protocols studied in preclinical models and early human pilots reduce senescent-cell signals and show functional improvements.
- Fisetin and quercetin are the most studied dietary senolytics in aging research. Luteolin supports inflammatory pathway balance, and piperine enhances absorption.
- A monthly 2-day pulse reflects the “hit-and-run” model studied in senolytic research while avoiding continuous daily dosing.
RESET delivers a structured 2-day-per-month senolytic pulse designed to reduce senescence signaling and support long-term tissue resilience.
Research & references
Senescent cells accumulate with age and contribute to chronic inflammatory signaling and tissue decline. Intermittent senolytic strategies are designed to selectively target these aged cells while allowing normal cells to remain unaffected.
| Study Topic | Summary of Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| SASP (senescence-associated secretory phenotype) & inflammation | Senescent cells secrete inflammatory SASP factors that drive chronic, systemic inflammation. Reducing senescent cell burden in models (e.g., fisetin or quercetin-based senolytics) dampens SASP signaling and improves tissue environment. | Childs et al., Aging Cell, 2015 |
| Senolytics & intermittent dosing for healthy aging | Short, intermittent high-dose senolytic protocols selectively clear senescent cells while sparing healthy tissue in preclinical models. Research shows improved tissue function and reduced inflammation, forming the rationale for non-daily senolytic schedules. | Kirkland et al., J Intern Med, 2020 |
| Senolytic targeting of senescent cells | Transcriptomic analysis identified pro-survival pathways upregulated in senescent cells. Targeting these vulnerabilities with small molecules selectively induced apoptosis in senescent cells, establishing the basis for senolytic drug development. | Zhu et al., Aging Cell, 2015 |
Early human studies using intermittent senolytic combinations suggest that short, pulsed dosing can lower certain senescence-associated markers and is generally well tolerated. While still emerging, this evidence supports non-daily, structured pulse approaches. RESET applies this model using dietary flavonoids in a defined monthly two-day protocol.
| Study Topic | Summary of Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| D+Q in lung fibrosis (pilot, open-label) | Short, intermittent (“hit-and-run”) D+Q dosing was feasible in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Participants showed improvements in walk and chair-stand performance and reductions in senescence markers. |
Justice et al., EBioMedicine, 2019
|
| D+Q in diabetic kidney disease (human adipose biopsy) | Intermittent D+Q reduced senescent-cell markers in adipose tissue and lowered SASP inflammatory signals in adults with diabetic kidney disease. |
Hickson et al., EBioMedicine, 2019 (Full text)
PubMed link |
| D+Q randomized IPF pilot (feasibility & tolerability) |
Single-center, placebo-controlled pilot trial showed intermittent D+Q was feasible and generally well tolerated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, groundwork for larger efficacy trials. |
Nambiar/Kellogg/Justice et al., EBioMedicine, 2023 (PubMed)
Journal full text |
| Fisetin in humans (registered RCTs, ongoing) |
Several ongoing clinical trials are evaluating intermittent fisetin in older adults (frailty) and in knee osteoarthritis. Results are pending. |
AFFIRM Frailty Trial
Fisetin in Knee Osteoarthritis |
| Quercetin Phytosome® (Quercefit®) bioavailability (human) | Phytosome quercetin showed ~10–20× higher systemic exposure than standard quercetin and improved antioxidant biomarkers, supporting its use in pulsed senolytic protocols. | Di Pierro et al., Minerva Med, 2019 |
In preclinical studies, intermittent fisetin reduced senescence-associated markers and improved measures of tissue function in aged animals. These findings have made fisetin one of the most studied dietary flavonoids in senescence research. While this evidence comes from laboratory and animal models, it provides the scientific basis for ongoing human investigations.
| Study Topic | Summary of Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Lowers senescent cell burden; extends healthspan (mice) | High-dose, intermittent fisetin reduced senescent-cell burden across multiple tissues in aged mice and improved several healthspan and lifespan metrics. Supports senolytic potential and pulsed-dosing rationale. | Yousefzadeh et al., EBioMedicine, 2018 (Full text) |
| Anti-inflammatory / antioxidant signaling | Preclinical evidence shows fisetin increases glutathione, reduces inflammatory cytokines, and provides metabolic and neuroprotective benefits. Mechanistic signals align with its senolytic activity. | Khan et al., 2013 – Fisetin: A Dietary Antioxidant for Health Promotion |
Quercetin is a plant-derived flavonoid that played a foundational role in early senolytic discovery research, including the identification of dasatinib + quercetin (D+Q) as a senolytic combination. In humans, quercetin has been studied for its anti-inflammatory and metabolic effects, and in enhanced-bioavailability forms (such as phytosome technology) it achieves substantially higher systemic exposure. Together, this body of research supports quercetin’s relevance in intermittent, pulse-based protocols.
| Study Topic | Summary of Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Quercetin is a senolytic (discovery paper) | Foundational work identified dasatinib + quercetin (D+Q) as a senolytic combination. Quercetin alone selectively cleared certain senescent cell types (e.g., endothelial). D+Q reduced senescent burden in vivo and produced rapid functional improvements in aged mice. |
Zhu et al., Aging Cell, 2015
|
| Quercetin in human “D+Q” pilots (supports intermittent dosing) |
Short, pulsed D+Q courses in early human studies were feasible, well tolerated, and showed reductions in senescence markers along with small functional improvements. These findings support further investigation of intermittent senolytic dosing approaches. |
Justice et al., EBioMedicine, 2019
Hickson et al., EBioMedicine, 2019 |
| Quercefit® bioavailability (human) | A randomized crossover pharmacokinetic study found that Quercetin Phytosome® improved oral absorption versus unformulated quercetin, achieving substantially higher plasma exposure (AUC/Cmax) in healthy adults. | Riva et al., Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet, 2019 |
| Quercetin: clinical effects (supportive human data) |
Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials suggest quercetin supplementation can reduce C-reactive protein (CRP) and improve lipid profiles in certain populations. These are not senolytic outcomes, but support quercetin’s broader anti-inflammatory and cardiometabolic effects. |
Rojano-Ortega et al., Nutrients, 2023
Sahebkar et al., Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2017 |
Luteolin is a plant-derived flavonoid that modulates key inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In preclinical models, it reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines and supports cellular resilience, complementing senolytic-focused ingredients.
| Study Topic | Summary of Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Senescence / inflammation pathways (preclinical) | In laboratory and animal research, luteolin helped calm inflammatory signals linked to the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). It reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and supported cellular resilience in experimental models. |
Luo et al., Front Aging Neuroscience, 2017
|
| SASP / inflammation pathways (overview) | Reviews highlight luteolin’s modulation of NF-κB, TNF-α, and broader anti-inflammatory mechanisms that intersect with cellular senescence and SASP biology. | Ntalouka et al., Front Pain Res, 2023 (review) |
Piperine, a compound from black pepper, helps the body absorb certain plant compounds more effectively. Human studies show it can significantly increase blood levels of polyphenols, making it useful in short, pulse-based formulas.
| Study Topic | Summary of Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Piperine enhances curcumin exposure (human PK) | Co-administration with piperine increased oral curcumin bioavailability by ~2000% in humans, demonstrating strong inhibition of metabolic clearance. | Shoba et al., Planta Med, 1998 |
With age, senescent cells accumulate in human skin. These cells release inflammatory signals (known as the SASP) that are associated with collagen breakdown, impaired repair, and changes in the dermal matrix.
| Study Topic | Summary of Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Human skin shows more senescent cells with age | Human skin biopsies show higher levels of p16INK4a-positive cells (a core senescence marker) in aged skin compared with young skin. | Waaijer et al., Aging Cell, 2012/2015 analysis |
| SASP → collagen & ECM degradation | Senescent fibroblasts secrete SASP factors—including MMPs and inflammatory cytokines—that degrade collagen and weaken the extracellular matrix, accelerating dermal aging. | Pilkington et al., J Invest Dermatol, 2021 |
| Causality: fewer senescent dermal fibroblasts → better skin (models) | Selective removal of senescent dermal fibroblasts in human-skin and mouse-chimera models improved skin aging markers, supporting a causal role for senescent cells in visible aging. |
Lämmermann et al., NPJ Aging Mech Dis, 2018
Aging-US (human-skin/mouse chimera) |
| Dermal fibroblast senescence drives skin aging | Reviews show senescent dermal fibroblasts accumulate with age and contribute to visible skin aging through SASP-mediated matrix breakdown, impaired repair, and chronic inflammation. | Wlaschek & Scharffetter-Kochanek, J Invest Dermatol, 2021 |
| Big-picture syntheses (context) | Broad reviews conclude senescent cells accumulate in aging skin, disrupt homeostasis and repair, and are emerging as a therapeutic target for skin rejuvenation and barrier restoration. |
Chin et al., Front Physiol, 2023
Zhang et al., J Clin Invest, 2022 |
BOOST
Skin aging begins at the cellular level. Over time, oxidative stress rises, collagen-producing fibroblasts slow down, and senescent cells accumulate in the dermis. These aged cells release inflammatory signals that degrade collagen structure and impair repair. Addressing skin aging from within means targeting the biology, not just the surface.
BOOST is a longevity-informed skin formula designed to support dermal cells, extracellular structure, and antioxidant defence from within.
What to know
- Cellular senescence and structure: With age, senescent fibroblasts disrupt collagen turnover and release pro-inflammatory signals that accelerate matrix breakdown. BOOST includes clinically studied compounds that support cellular resilience, reduce inflammatory signalling, and help maintain matrix integrity.
- Native matrix support: Reggenerate® delivers collagen, elastin, hyaluronic acid, and GAGs in their intact biological form. At 300mg, clinical trials show it outperforms hydrolyzed collagen at doses over 20 times higher on firmness, elasticity, and barrier function.
- Oxidative balance and longevity pathways: Astaxanthin stabilizes cell membranes against oxidative stress. Reggenerate® activates SIRT6, a longevity-associated sirtuin linked to genomic stability and protection against skin aging.
- Hydration and barrier integrity: Hyaluronic acid and glycosaminoglycan-rich fractions support moisture retention and dermal structure, working alongside the matrix components to maintain skin resilience from the inside out.
Research & references
Chronic oxidative stress activates collagen-degrading enzymes (MMPs) and impairs fibroblast function, accelerating dermal matrix breakdown and contributing to wrinkles and loss of firmness. Managing cellular oxidative balance is foundational to preserving dermal structure.
| Study Topic | Summary of Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| UV-induced photoaging & MMP activation | Ultraviolet exposure increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), activating AP-1 signaling and upregulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These collagen-degrading enzymes fragment dermal collagen and impair fibroblast function, establishing the molecular basis of photoaging and wrinkle formation. | Fisher et al., J Invest Dermatol |
| ROS, AP-1 signaling & collagen breakdown (review) | Reviews detail how oxidative stress activates AP-1–mediated transcription of MMPs, suppresses procollagen synthesis, and drives extracellular matrix degradation in aging and photoaged skin. | Rittié & Fisher, J Invest Dermatol (review) |
| Eggshell membrane peptides (ESM) — RCT | Daily ESM supplementation (300–450 mg) improved skin elasticity, hydration, and crow’s-feet appearance within 4–12 weeks in a randomized controlled trial. | Kalman et al., J Cosmet Dermatol, 2020 |
| Eggshell membrane — mechanistic review | Review data summarize collagen-, elastin-, and glycosaminoglycan-supporting properties of eggshell membrane, reinforcing its role in dermal matrix biology. | 2022 review — Clinical Interventions in Aging |
| Vitamin C (systemic role in collagen stability) | Vitamin C is an essential co-factor for collagen hydroxylation and supports antioxidant defense, helping maintain collagen structure and dermal integrity. | Pullar et al., Nutrients, 2017 |
SkinAx²™ combines grape polyphenols, melon SOD, zinc, and vitamin C to regulate oxidative signaling at the cellular level. Human data show improvements in elasticity, firmness, and radiance, supported by enhanced collagen synthesis and reduced collagen breakdown.
| Study Topic | Summary of Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| UV-induced photoaging & MMP activation | Ultraviolet exposure increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), activating AP-1 signaling and upregulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These collagen-degrading enzymes fragment dermal collagen and impair fibroblast function, establishing the molecular basis of photoaging. | Fisher et al., J Invest Dermatol |
| ROS, AP-1 signaling & collagen breakdown (review) | Reviews detail how oxidative stress activates AP-1–mediated transcription of MMPs, suppresses procollagen synthesis, and drives extracellular matrix degradation in aging and photoaged skin. | Rittié & Fisher, J Invest Dermatol (review) |
| 8-week randomized clinical trial (women) | Daily oral polyphenol supplementation improved skin elasticity, hydration, and texture over 8 weeks in adult women, supporting systemic antioxidant signaling in dermal structure. | PMID 27799805 — randomized clinical trial |
| Collagen protection (collagenase inhibition; ex vivo) | Grape flavanol monomers demonstrated significant inhibition of collagenase activity, supporting protection against collagen fiber degradation and extracellular matrix breakdown. | Activ’Inside CTS-0094 technical dossier |
| Synergy with collagen peptides | SkinAx²™ acts as a collagen stabilizer while collagen peptides stimulate new collagen synthesis, supporting a complementary “protect + rebuild” dermal strategy in skin elasticity. | Activ’Inside CTS-0094 technical dossier |
Reggenerate® delivers collagen I, V and X, elastin, hyaluronic acid, and glycosaminoglycans in their native biological architecture - not as hydrolyzed fragments, but as an intact matrix that skin cells recognize and respond to directly. At 300mg, clinical trials show improvements in firmness, elasticity, hydration, and barrier function that outperform hydrolyzed collagen at doses over 20 times higher.
| Study Topic | Summary of Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Native matrix vs hydrolyzed collagen: why form matters | Reggenerate® is not isolated collagen. It is the intact native eggshell membrane matrix, delivering collagen I, V and X, elastin, hyaluronic acid, and GAGs in their original biological architecture. Unlike hydrolyzed collagens — which are fragmented and chemically modified — the native form is recognized directly by skin cells, activating natural repair and synthesis mechanisms. This biomimetic structure is why meaningful effects are achieved at 300mg, a fraction of the dose required for hydrolyzed collagen. | Dossier scientifique Reggenerate®, EffePharm; Sim et al., Mol Cell Toxicol, 2023 |
| Reggenerate® 300mg vs 8g hydrolyzed collagen (head-to-head RCT, 2026) | Randomized controlled trial comparing 300mg eggshell membrane, 8g hydrolyzed collagen, and placebo over 57 days. Eggshell membrane outperformed hydrolyzed collagen on every primary endpoint: skin firmness +44.7%, elasticity +39.3%, hydration +40%, transepidermal water loss reduced 54%, and hair loss reduced 54%. Hydrolyzed collagen at 8g produced moderate effects on some markers but was consistently inferior to eggshell membrane at 300mg. | González-Rodríguez et al., Front Nutr, 2026 (DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1689701) |
| 12-week randomized controlled trial (ESM; 300–450 mg/day) | Daily eggshell membrane supplementation improved skin elasticity and hydration, with reported improvements in dermal thickness over 12 weeks compared with placebo. | Kalman et al., J Cosmet Dermatol, 2020 (DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13275) |
| Skin sagging and wrinkle reduction (RCT, 2025) | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial showing oral eggshell membrane supplementation reduced skin sagging and crow's feet wrinkles, with improvements in skin barrier function and overall appearance. | Park et al., J Funct Foods, 2025 (DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2025.106713) |
| Anti-inflammatory mechanism, antioxidant defence, and SIRT6 activation | Eggshell membrane supplementation reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, increased SOD1 antioxidant defence, and activated SIRT6 — a longevity-associated sirtuin linked to genomic stability and protection against skin aging. Confirmed in vivo, including protection against UVB-induced inflammation and wrinkle formation. | Sim et al., Mol Cell Toxicol, 2023 (DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00291-5) |
Healthy skin depends on both internal hydration and an intact lipid barrier. Hyaluronic acid supports water retention within the dermal matrix, while ceramides reinforce the skin barrier, reducing transepidermal water loss. Together they support elasticity, smoothness, and visible skin resilience.
| Study Topic | Summary of Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| 12-week randomized controlled trial (≥120 mg/day) | Daily oral hyaluronic acid (≥120 mg) significantly improved skin hydration and elasticity compared with placebo in adults with dry skin over a 12-week period. | Oe et al., 2017, Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol — DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S141845 |
| Hyaluronic acid systemic exposure & skin outcomes | Oral hyaluronic acid was detected in systemic circulation following supplementation, with associated improvements in skin hydration and elasticity measures, supporting dermal water retention roles from within. | DOI: 10.1111/srt.13531 — Skin Res Technol |
| 12-week RCT — oral ceramide supplementation | Daily oral milk ceramide (600 mg/day) significantly improved skin hydration and elasticity, reduced transepidermal water loss, and attenuated eye-area wrinkles compared with placebo over 12 weeks in adult women. | Ahn et al., J Funct Foods, 2024 — DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2024.106008 |
Astaxanthin localizes within cellular membranes, helping stabilize lipid structures and reduce oxidative stress associated with UV exposure and environmental damage. Human trials report improvements in elasticity, moisture, and wrinkle parameters.
| Study Topic | Summary of Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| 6 mg/day oral astaxanthin — randomized clinical study (6 weeks) | Daily astaxanthin (6 mg/day) improved skin elasticity, moisture, and crow’s-feet appearance over a 6-week period compared with placebo in adult women. | Tominaga et al., J Clin Biochem Nutr, 2017 — DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-35 |
| Randomized controlled trial (oral astaxanthin) | Oral astaxanthin supplementation significantly improved wrinkle depth, skin elasticity, moisture content, and overall texture compared with placebo in adult participants, supporting its role in reducing visible signs of photoaging. | Ito et al., 2018, Nutrients — DOI: 10.3390/nu10070817 |
| Photoaging mechanism & antioxidant signaling (review) | Astaxanthin derived from Haematococcus pluvialis mitigates skin photoaging through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, supporting protection against UV-induced oxidative damage and matrix degradation. | Nutrients, 2021 — DOI: 10.3390/nu13092917 |
| Systematic review & meta-analysis | A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found that oral astaxanthin supplementation significantly improved skin moisture and elasticity compared with placebo, supporting consistent findings across multiple human studies. | Zhou et al., Nutrients, 2021 — DOI: 10.3390/nu13092917 |
Vitamin C is required for collagen formation and structural stability. It activates key enzymes that allow collagen fibers to mature and strengthen. It also contributes to antioxidant defense in skin cells, and higher intake is associated with improved measures of skin aging in human studies.
| Study Topic | Summary of Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Collagen synthesis & hydroxylation (review) | Vitamin C is required for pro-collagen hydroxylation and structural stabilization of collagen fibers. Deficiency impairs dermal integrity, collagen formation, and wound repair capacity. | Pullar et al., 2017, Nutrients — DOI: 10.3390/nu9080866 |
| Dietary vitamin C intake & skin aging (cohort study) | Higher dietary vitamin C intake was associated with fewer wrinkles and reduced skin dryness in a large U.S. population cohort, suggesting a protective role against visible photoaging. | Cosgrove et al., 2007, Am J Clin Nutr — DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/86.4.1225 |
